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Stack top - Returns a const reference to the element most recently

Stack top - Returns a const reference to the element most recently


top
	
 
Header
<stack>

const value_type& top()const  

Returns a const reference to the element most recently pushed on the stack. If the container is empty, the result is undefined.

value_type& top()

Returns a reference to the element most recently pushed on the stack. If the container is empty, the result is undefined.


Sample

//Compiler options: /GX

#include <stack>
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
	std::stack<int> si ; //Constructs an empty stack, uses deque as default container.

	int i ;

	std::stack<int>::allocator_type a1 = si.get_allocator() ;

	std::cout << "call si.empty()" << std::endl ;

	if (si.empty())
	{
		std::cout << "Stack is empty" << std::endl ;
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << "Stack contains some elements" << std::endl ;
	}

	std::cout << "si.size() = " << si.size() << std::endl ;

	std::cout << "Push Values on si = " ;
	for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		std::cout << i << ", " ;
		si.push(i) ;
	}
	std::cout << std::endl ;
	std::cout << "si.size() = " << si.size() << std::endl ;
	std::cout << "Pop Values from si = " ;
	while (!si.empty())
	{
		std::cout << si.top() << ", " ;
		si.pop() ;
	}

	std::cout << std::endl ;
	
	return 0 ;
}

Program Output

call si.empty()
Stack is empty
si.size() = 0
Push Values on si = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
si.size() = 10
Pop Values from si = 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0,

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